2019: Fitzpatrick Voted To Require ACA Navigators Get Opioid-Specific
Training For Coverage Of Opioid-Related Health Treatment. In May 2019,
Fitzpatrick voted for an amendment that would have, according to
Congressional Quarterly, "require that 'navigators' certified to help
individuals enroll in Affordable Care Act marketplace plans receive
opioid-specific training on coverage of opioid-related health care
treatment under qualified plans." The underlying legislation included
provisions designed to lower prescription drugs and shored up the ACA.
The vote was on the amendment. The House adopted the amendment by a vote
of 243 to 174. [House Vote 211,
5/16/19; Congressional
Quarterly, 5/16/19; Congressional
Quarterly,
5/10/19;
Congressional Actions, H. Amdt.
225;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
987]
2019: Fitzpatrick Voted For Enhancing Border Security Operations To
Prevent Narcotics Such As Fentanyl From Entering The U.S. In September
2019, Fitzpatrick voted for a bill that would, according to
Congressional Quarterly, "authorize the Homeland Security Department to
establish a joint task force to enhance border security operations to
prevent narcotics such as fentanyl and other synthetic opioids from
entering the U.S. Additionally, the bill would expand the authority of
DHS joint task forces to collaborate with other federal agencies and
private sector organizations." The vote was on a motion to suspend the
rules and pass the bill. The House agreed to the motion and passed the
bill by a vote of 403-1. The bill was never taken up in the Senate.
[House Vote 554,
9/27/19; Congressional
Quarterly, 9/27/19;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
3722]
2024: Fitzpatrick Voted To Strengthen Cooperation With Mexican Law
Enforcement To Counter The Trafficking Of Opioids. In June 2024,
Fitzpatrick voted for , according to Congressional Quarterly, "the bill,
as amended, that would require the State Department, in coordination
with the U.S. Agency for International Development, to submit to the
congressional foreign issues committees a strategy for strengthening
cooperation between U.S. and Mexican law enforcement and other
authorities to curb the trafficking of fentanyl and other synthetic
opioids. It would require the State Department, before implementing the
strategy, to notify the congressional foreign issues, judiciary,
intelligence and homeland security committees of any data that would be
shared with foreign nations under such a plan. It would require the
president, within two years of the strategy submission, to update the
congressional foreign issues committees on its implementation and
effectiveness. It also would require the State Department, in
consultation with the Treasury Department, to report to the
congressional foreign issues, House Financial Services and Senate
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs committees on steps the departments
could take to expand financial access to Caribbean community member
states." The vote was on passage. The House passed the bill by a vote of
368 to 19. [House Vote 282,
6/25/24; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/25/24;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
2789]
2020: Fitzpatrick Voted For Extending A Temporary Ban On Certain
Potent Opioids, Allowing Law Enforcement To Prosecute Individuals In
Possession Of The Drug. In January 2020, Fitzpatrick voted for a bill
that would, according to Congressional Quarterly, "extend, through May
6, 2021, the temporary classification of fentanyl-related substances as
schedule I controlled substances by the Drug Enforcement Agency, thus
extending the prohibition on possession or importation of such drugs."
The vote was on passage. The House passed the bill by a vote of 320-88,
which cleared the bill for the President's signature. [House Vote 32,
1/29/20; Congressional
Quarterly, 1/29/20;
Congressional Actions,
S.3201]
The Bill Extended The Classification Of Fentanyl As A Schedule I
Drug, Allowing Law Enforcement To Prosecute Individuals In
Possession Of The Drug. According to Congressional Quarterly, "The
Legislation would extend the classification of fentanyl as a
Schedule I drug, or those that have the highest potential for abuse,
for 15 months. Scheduling fentanyl allows law enforcement to
prosecute individuals who produce or distribute the drug or its
analogues." [Congressional Quarterly,
1/29/20]
Some Democrats Opposed The Bill Due To Possible Unintended Effects
On Criminal Justice. According to Congressional Quarterly, "Some
advocates say the ban could also have unintended effects on criminal
justice and on limiting scientific research [...] 'We must
remember that a criminal justice approach disproportionately affects
communities of color, and does not necessarily reduce the crime.'"
[Congressional Quarterly,
1/29/20]
The Drug Policy Alliance Compared Efforts To Increase Penalties To
"Mass Incarceration During The Crack Cocaine Epidemic." According
to Congressional Quarterly, "Criminal justice groups have had
concerns that language in the bill could expose low-level users to
harsh mandatory minimum penalties. Last week, the Drug Policy
Alliance released a report warning against congressional efforts to
increase penalties related to fentanyl, comparing it to mass
incarceration during the crack cocaine epidemic." [Congressional
Quarterly, 1/29/20]
Assistant Secretary For Health Brett Giorir Stated That There Were
"Significant Administrative Challenges" In Researching Schedule I
Substances. According to Congressional Quarterly, "Assistant
Secretary for Health Brett P. Giroir acknowledged [...] that there
have been 'significant administrative challenges' related to
research on Schedule I substances. Researching some opioids may lead
to advancements in the development of drugs to treat chronic pain
and addiction." [Congressional Quarterly,
1/29/20]
2025: Fitzpatrick Voted To Permanently Classify All Fentanyl-Related
Substances As Schedule I Controlled Substances. In February 2025,
Fitzpatrick voted for , according to Congressional Quarterly, "the bill
that would permanently classify all fentanyl-related substances as
Schedule I drugs under the Controlled Substances Act, unless they are
specifically exempted or listed in another schedule. It also would
establish new expedited registration procedures for the use of
controlled substances in research, including Schedule I and II drugs.
The measure would define a fentanyl-related substance as one that
contains salts, isomers and salts of isomers of fentanyl with a specific
chemical designation. It would allow the attorney general to publish a
list of fentanyl-related substances, though a drug not included in the
list could still be restricted as a Schedule I drug if it meets the
bill's chemical definition. The measure also would extend to those drugs
the mandatory minimum sentencing requirements under current law for
certain illegal substances." The House passed the bill by a vote of 312
to 108. [House Vote 33,
2/6/25; Congressional
Quarterly, 2/6/25; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
27]
2023: Fitzpatrick Voted To Classify Fentanyl-Related Substances As
Schedule I Substances And Ease Restrictions On Government-Funded
Research Of Schedule I And Schedule II Substances. In May 2023,
according to Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted for the Halt All
Lethal Trafficking of (HALT) Fentanyl Act, which would "permanently
classify all fentanyl-related substances as Schedule I drugs under the
Controlled Substances Act - unless they are specifically exempted or
listed in another schedule - thereby extending to those drugs mandatory
minimum sentencing requirements. It would also establish expedited
procedures for the use of Schedule I and Schedule II controlled
substances in research. The bill would permit researchers who are
currently registered to study Schedule I and Schedule II to begin
research on additional substances beginning 30 days after they notify
the Justice Department, if the research is part of an investigational
use exemption; conducted or funded by the Health and Human Services,
Veterans Affairs or Defense departments; and the researcher provides
certain information on the substances to be used and demonstrates they
are authorized by state law to conduct such research. It would require
the Justice Department to approve or deny the registration status of a
new researcher within 45 days of receiving an application. It would also
allow additional researchers at the same institution or at related
research sites to be added to an existing registration instead of
registering separately; require researchers working on substances newly
classified under Schedule I to submit research applications within 90
days of the new classification; and allow researchers to manufacture
small quantities of Schedule I substances for research purposes without
first obtaining a manufacturing registration. Among other provisions,
the bill would require the Justice Department to issue regulations to
implement the bill's provisions within six months of its enactment. It
would also express the sense of Congress that it agrees with a 2021 U.S.
Court of Appeals decision (United States v. McCray) that concluded that
a substance can be an analogue of fentanyl even if it is not listed as a
controlled substance analogue and that dealing in 10 grams or more of a
fentanyl analogue is subject to enhanced penalty. The bill would define
fentanyl-related substances as those structurally related to fentanyl by
certain substitutions, which contain the salts, isomers, and salts of
isomers of fentanyl within a specific chemical designation." The vote
was on passage. The House passed the bill by a vote of 289 to 133, thus
the bill was sent to the Senate. [House Vote 237,
5/25/23; Congressional
Quarterly, 5/25/23;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
467]
The Bill Would Change Fentanyl Analog's Schedule II Classification
To A Class I Substance. According to Congressional Quarterly, "The
House passed legislation Thursday that would permanently classify
fentanyl analogs as controlled substances, but the measure faces
slim odds in the Senate because of Democrats' criminal justice
concerns. Fentanyl, which is responsible for the majority of U.S.
drug-related deaths, is already permanently classified as a Schedule
II drug --- meaning it has a high risk for abuse but is also used in
medical settings." [Congressional Quarterly,
5/25/23]
By Making It A Schedule I Substance, Fentanyl Analogs Would Be
Considered To Have A High Risk For Abuse Without Known Medical
Use. According to Congressional Quarterly, "The bill passed
Thursday (HR 467), as amended, by a vote of 289-133, with 74
Democrats joining Republicans. It would classify all fentanyl
analogs as Schedule I, meaning they have a high potential for abuse
and no known medical use." [Congressional Quarterly,
5/25/23]
The Bill Would Ease Restrictions On Government-Funded Research For
Schedule I Substances. According to Congressional Quarterly, "The
bill would also ease restrictions on government-funded research of
these substances. If enacted, users, sellers or those possessing the
drugs could face penalties under a 1970 law known as the Controlled
Substances Act." [Congressional Quarterly,
5/25/23]
Fentanyl-Related Substances Were Chemical Similar Drugs Different
From Fentanyl And Were Used By Illicit Drug Makers To Avoid
Prosecution Targeted At A Specific Chemical. According to
Congressional Quarterly, "The Food and Drug Administration has
authorized fentanyl to be used for pain relief and as an anesthetic.
Fentanyl-related substances, or FRS, refer to chemically similar
drugs that are distinct from fentanyl. Illicit drugmakers may make
analogs of a drug to avoid prosecution targeted at a specific
chemical." [Congressional Quarterly,
5/25/23]
The Trump Administration Began To Classify Fentanyl-Related
Substances As Schedule I Since 2018 And The Policy Has Been Extended
Through Spending Bills. According to Congressional Quarterly, "The
Trump administration classified FRS as Schedule I drugs in 2018 on
an emergency basis. Since then, FRS scheduling has been added to
spending bills as an extender while lawmakers seek a bipartisan
solution." [Congressional Quarterly,
5/25/23]
2023: Fitzpatrick Voted Against An Amendment That Would Have Postponed
Implementation Of The HALT Fentanyl Act Until The HHS Were To Guarantee
That It Would Decrease Overdose Deaths. In May 2023, according to
Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted against an amendment to the
Halt All Lethal Trafficking of (HALT) Fentanyl Act, which would
"prohibit the bill's provisions from taking effect until the Health and
Human Services and Justice departments certify that its provisions will
lead to a reduction in overdose deaths." The vote was on the adoption of
an amendment. The House rejected the amendment by a vote of 190 to 233.
[House Vote 236,
5/25/23; Congressional
Quarterly, 5/25/23;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
467;
Congressional Actions, H.Amdt.
184]
2023: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted For The Halt All Lethal
Trafficking Of (HALT) Fentanyl Act, Which Would Classify Fentanyl As A
Schedule I Controlled Substance. In May 2023, according to
Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted for the "adoption of the rule
(H Res 429) that would provide for floor consideration of the Halt All
Lethal Trafficking of (HALT) Fentanyl Act (HR 467); [...] The rule
would provide for up to one hour of general debate on each measure. It
would make in order floor consideration of three amendments to HR 467."
The vote was on adoption of the rule. The House adopted the rule by a
vote of 217 to 204. [House Vote 231,
5/23/23; Congressional
Quarterly, 5/23/23;
Congressional Actions, H.Res.
429;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
467]
2023: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted For The Halt All Lethal
Trafficking Of (HALT) Fentanyl Act, Which Would Classify Fentanyl As A
Schedule I Controlled Substance. In May 2023, according to
Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted for the "motion to order the
previous question (thus ending debate and possibility of amendment) on
the rule (H Res 429) that would provide for floor consideration of the
Halt All Lethal Trafficking of (HALT) Fentanyl Act (HR 467); [...] The
rule would provide for up to one hour of general debate on each measure.
It would make in order floor consideration of three amendments to HR
467." The vote was on a motion to order the previous question. The House
agreed to the motion by a vote of 219 to 208. [House Vote 230,
5/23/23; Congressional
Quarterly, 5/23/23;
Congressional Actions, H.Res.
429;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
467]
2022: Fitzpatrick Voted For An Amendment That Reallocated $5 Million
To Combat The Illegal Importation Of Opioids Through International Mail
Facilities And Land Ports-Of-Entry. In July 2022, according to
Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted for en bloc amendments no. 2
to the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023, which would, in part, "reallocate $5
million intended to combat the illicit importation of opioids, including
fentanyl, through international mail facilities and land ports-of
entry." The vote was on the adoption of amendments. The House adopted
the amendments by a vote 336-90. [House Vote 368,
7/19/22; Congressional
Quarterly, 7/19/22;
Congressional Actions, H.Amdt.
294;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
8294]
2018: Fitzpatrick Voted For An FY 2019 Conference Report Minibus
Spending Bill And Continuing Resolution That Appropriated Nearly $3.8
Billion For Opioids Abuse. In September 2018, Fitzpatrick voted for an
FY 2019 Labor, HHS, Education, and Defense minibus spending bill
conference report. According to Congressional Quarterly, "Adoption of
the conference report on the bill that would provide $855.1 billion in
discretionary funding for fiscal 2019 to various departments and
agencies, including $674.4 billion for the Defense Department and
$178.1 billion for the Labor, Health and Human Services and Education
departments. The Defense Department total would include $606.5 billion
in base Defense Department funding subject to spending caps, and would
include $67.9 billion in overseas contingency operations funding. The
bill would provide $90.3 billion in discretionary spending for the
Health and Human Services Department, $71.4 billion for the Education
Department and $12.1 billion for the Labor Department. The measure
would also provide funding for federal government operations until Dec.
7, 2018, at an annualized rate of approximately $1.3 trillion." The
vote was on passage. The House passed the bill by a vote of 361 to 61.
The president later signed the bill into law. [House Vote 405,
9/26/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 9/26/18;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
6157]
2018: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted Against Appropriating Nearly $1
Billion Annually In Funding For State Opioid Grants. In June 2018,
Fitzpatrick effectively voted against an amendment that would have,
according to Congressional Quarterly, "appropriate[d] $995 million
annually, for fiscal 2019 through 2021, for state opioid grant programs
and would allow the Health and Human Services Department to increase the
number of residency positions at hospitals that have established
programs related to addiction." The underlying legislation was an opioid
abuse prevention bill. The vote was on a motion to recommit. The House
rejected the motion, thereby rejected the amendment by a vote of 185 to
226. [House Vote 287,
6/22/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/22/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/22/18; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
6]
2018: Fitzpatrick Voted To Authorize $50 Million In Grants Through FY
2023 For Providers That Offer Treatment For Opioid Use Disorders. In
June 2018, Fitzpatrick voted for legislation that would have, according
to Congressional Quarterly, "authorize[d] $10 million annually, for
fiscal 2019 through fiscal 2023, for Health and Human Services
Department grants for to providers that offer treatment services for
people with opioid use disorders. It would [have] require that there
be at least 10 grants awarded to qualified providers." The vote was on a
motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill. The House agreed to the
motion, thereby passing the bill, by a vote of 383 to 13. The Senate
took no substantive action on the legislation. [House Vote 258,
6/12/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/12/18; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
5327]
2018: Fitzpatrick Voted For The $1.3 Trillion FY 2018 Omnibus
Spending Deal Which Raised Spending By $138 Billion Over FY 2017
Levels, Including A $3 Billion Increase In Programs To Combat The
Opioid Crisis. In March 2018, Fitzpatrick voted for the FY 2018
Omnibus spending bill. According to Congressional Quarterly, "Combined,
the spending measures would provide about $1.3 trillion in
discretionary spending, with $1.2 trillion subject to discretionary
spending caps, and $78.1 billion designated as Overseas Contingency
Operations funds. The measure's spending levels are consistent with the
increased defense and non-defense budget caps set by the two-year budget
deal agreed to last month. That agreement increased the FY 2018 defense
cap by $80 billion and the non-defense cap by $63 billion. Given that
the previous caps were set to reduce overall discretionary spending by
$5 billion, the net increase provided by the omnibus is $138 billion
over the FY 2017 level." The vote was on the motion to concur in the
Senate Amendment with an Amendment. The House agreed to the motion,
thereby passing the bill, by a vote of 256 to 167. The Senate later
agreed to the legislation, sending it to the president, who signed it
into law. [House Vote 127,
3/22/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 3/22/18; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
1625]
2018: Fitzpatrick Voted For A February 2018 Two-Year Budget Deal
Which, Among Other Things, Increased Spending By $300 Billion,
Suspended The Debt Ceiling, Reauthorized Community Health Centers For
Two Years And Provided $6 Billion Over Two Years In Anti-Opioid
Epidemic Funding. In February 2018, Fitzpatrick voted for a two-year
budget deal that re-opened the government after a brief shutdown.
According to the New York Times, "With Mr. Trump's signature, the
government will reopen before many Americans were aware it had closed,
with a deal that includes about $300 billion in additional funds over
two years for military and nonmilitary programs, almost $90 billion in
disaster relief in response to last year's hurricanes and wildfires, and
a higher statutory debt ceiling." In addition, according to
Congressional Quarterly, the legislation "would provide funding for
federal government operations and services at current levels through
March 23, 2018 [...] [and] retroactively extends numerous tax breaks
that expired at the end of 2016. It also extends the CHIP program for
another four years (through FY 2027) and funds community health centers
for another two years." The vote was on a motion to concur in the Senate
amendment to the House amendment to the bill. The House agreed to the
motion, essentially on passage, by a vote of 240 to 186. The bill was
then sent to the president, who signed it into law. [House Vote 69,
2/9/18; New York Times,
2/8/18;
Congressional Quarterly,
2/9/18; Congressional Actions,
H.R.
1892]
2018: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted Against Funding Matching Federal
Grants To The States For Health Care Treatment For Those Suffering From
Substance Abuse Disorders, Where States Could Only Receive The Funding
If Medicaid Was Expanded In The State. In June 2018, Fitzpatrick
effectively voted against an amendment that would have, according to
Congressional Quarterly, "replace[d] the bill's provisions with a
program that would provide federal matching funds for the treatment for
eligible individuals suffering from substance abuse disorders. It would
require that states extend Medicaid eligibility to receive such federal
funds." The vote was on a motion to recommit. The House rejected the
motion by a vote of 190 to 226. [House Vote 275,
6/20/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/20/18; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
5797]
2017: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted Against Requiring Association
Health Plans (AHPs) That Would Be Exempt From Most State Laws And
Regulations To Require Coverage For Substance Abuse Treatment. In
March 2017, Fitzpatrick effectively voted against an amendment that
would have, according to Congressional Quarterly, "require[d]
association health plans to provide coverage for substance abuse
disorder treatments." The underlying legislation would have, also
according to Congressional Quarterly, "expand[ed] the ability of trade
and business associations to sponsor association health plans (AHPs),
through which member companies can offer group health insurance to their
employees. To encourage the creation of new AHPs, it exempt[ed] AHPs
from most state laws and regulations and allows AHPs to set their own
health insurance standards, with few mandated requirements." The vote
was on a motion to recommit. The House rejected the motion by a vote of
179 to 233. [House Vote 185,
3/22/17; Congressional
Quarterly, 3/22/17; Congressional
Quarterly, 3/17/17;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
1101]
2021: Fitzpatrick Voted For Authorizing $1.75 Billion Through FY 2027
Annually For Opioid Abuse Grants, And Grants Must Be Awarded To States
Of At Least $4 Million And Tribes With High Rates Of Opioid Usage Must
Be Prioritized. In October 2021, Fitzpatrick voted for the State
Opioid Response Grant Authorization Act of 2021 which would, according
to Congressional Quarterly, "reauthorize and modify a Health and Human
Services Department opioid abuse grant program. Specifically, it would
authorize $1.75 billion annually through fiscal 2027 for HHS grants to
states and tribes to address opioid and stimulant use and misuse. Among
other provisions, it would require the department, in awarding grants,
to ensure that each state receives at least $4 million and give
preference to states and tribes with relatively high rates of opioid use
disorder or stimulant use." The vote was on passage. The House passed
the bill by a vote of 380-46. [House Vote 320,
10/20/21; Congressional
Quarterly, 10/20/21;
Congressional Actions, H.R.
2379]
2022: Fitzpatrick Voted To Establish A Pilot Grant Program For Rural
Areas To Create Community Response Programs Focused On Lowering Opioid
Deaths, Including Imprisonment Alternatives. In December 2022,
according to Congressional Quarterly, Fitzpatrick voted for the Rural
Opioid Abuse Prevention Act, which would "expand the Comprehensive
Opioid Abuse Grant Program to allow the Justice Department to make
grants for a pilot program for rural areas to implement community
response programs that focus on reducing opioid deaths, including to
provide alternatives to incarceration. The bill would require funded
programs to identify gaps in community prevention, treatment and
recovery services for individuals who encounter the criminal justice
system and establish treatment protocols to address these gaps. It would
also require grants to be jointly operated by local governments, public
safety and public health agencies, and behavioral health
collaborations." The vote was on passage. The House passed the bill by a
vote of 408-11, thus the bill was sent to President Biden and it
ultimately became law. [House Vote 509,
12/6/22; Congressional
Quarterly, 12/6/22;
Congressional Actions, S.
2796]
2018: Fitzpatrick Voted For Legislation That Would Have Effectively
Expand Both Medicare And Medicaid To Cover Medication-Assisted Treatment
For Opioids And Allowed Medicaid Patients With Opioid Use Disorders To
Stay At In Certain Treatment Facilities For Up To 30 Days. In
September 2018, Fitzpatrick voted for a bill that would have, according
to Congressional Quarterly, "provide[d] for the concurrence by the
House in the Senate amendment to HR 6, with an amendment that would
modify Medicare and Medicaid and a variety of other health programs in
relation to opioid abuse. It would [have] expand[d] both Medicare
and Medicaid to cover medication-assisted treatment for substance use
disorder and would place new requirements on states regarding Medicaid
drug review and utilization requirements. It would [have]
appropriate[d] $15 million annually, from fiscal 2019 through 2023,
to support the establishment or operation of public health laboratories
to detect synthetic opioids. As amended, the bill would [have]
allow[ed] Medicaid patients with opioid use or cocaine use disorders
to stay up to 30 days per year in certain treatment facilities with more
than 16 beds." The vote was on a motion to suspend the rules and adopt a
resolution amending H.R. 6. The House agreed to the motion, thereby
passing the resolution and thus providing for concurrence between the
House and Senate, by a vote of 393 to 8. The Senate later agreed to the
bill and it was signed into law by the president. [House Vote 415,
9/28/18; Congressional
Quarterly, 9/28/18; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
6;
Congressional Actions, H. Res.
1099]
2017: Fitzpatrick Effectively Voted Against Barring A Reform To Health
Care Lawsuit Liability Regulations To Set A $250,000 Cap From Applying
To Lawsuits Related To Lawsuits On "Grossly Negligent" Opioid
Prescriptions. In June 2017, Fitzpatrick effectively voted against an
amendment that would have, according to Congressional Quarterly,
"modif[ied] the bill's definition of 'health care lawsuits' to not
include a claim or action related to the 'grossly negligent'
prescription of opioids." The underlying legislation capped certain
medical malpractice awards. The vote was on a motion to recommit. The
House rejected the motion by a vote of 191 to 235. [House Vote 336,
6/28/17; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/28/17; Congressional
Quarterly, 6/28/17; Congressional
Actions, H.R.
1215]