Rep. Ashley Hinson has been a vocal supporter of Trump-era efforts to reduce government spending and increase efficiency, praising the creation of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) led by Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy, and backing initiatives to root out waste, fraud, and abuse (Des Moines Register; Iowa City Press-Citizen).
Hinson introduced and supported multiple bills to codify executive orders from the Trump administration, such as those aimed at reducing federal regulations and establishing stricter financial oversight for federal payments, intending to improve transparency and reduce improper government spending (Gazette; Press Release).
She has criticized what she describes as "woke spending sprees" and federal grant policies perceived as wasteful, emphasizing her commitment to returning taxpayer dollars and ensuring only prudent investments move forward (Muscatine Journal; Daily Nonpareil).
Hinson has led and supported efforts to reduce remote work among federal employees, calling unused federal office space a waste, tying telework to delays in government services, and backing the SHOW UP Act to restrict telework to pre-pandemic levels (Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier; Gazette).
As an appropriator, Hinson has targeted federal agency spending, supporting budget cuts to agencies like the EPA, IRS, and Department of Housing and Urban Development, especially when audits revealed waste, such as thousands of unused software licenses at HUD (Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier; Muscatine Journal).
Potential vulnerability: Hinson’s strong push to curtail telework and cut agency funding could impact federal service delivery and agency morale, as critics warn that drastic personnel or policy changes may have unintended consequences for public access and federal recruitment.
2024: Hinson Expressed Enthusiasm For Trump's Department Of Government Efficiency According to Des Moines Register, "Hinson said Trump's new Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory group created to slash federal government and spending, will help return dollars to taxpayers." [Des Moines Register (Iowa), 12/2/24]
2025: Hinson Advocated For Ending 'Woke Spending Sprees' In Federal Grants According to Muscatine Journal, "Amid confusion over a freeze on federal grants and loans ordered by Trump, Hinson told reporters she intends to continue to work to prevent 'woke spending sprees' by the federal government." [Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 1/31/25]
2025: Hinson Worked With Iowa Stakeholders To Clarify Grant Freeze Effects According to Muscatine Journal, "Hinson said her office is working with Iowa nonprofits, cities, school districts and other impacted stakeholders to clarify any confusion. 'My approach to everybody is if it's a good use of taxpayer money, it's going to be allowed to move forward,' she said. 'I'm going to continue operating as I always have. I always work to get targeted investment back to Iowa while working to prevent woke spending sprees.'" [Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 1/31/25]
Ashley Hinson Targeted 'Woke Spending Sprees' In Federal Grant Spending Freeze Debate In 2025 According to Daily Nonpareil, 'Amid confusion over a freeze on federal grants and loans ordered by Trump, Hinson told reporters she intends to continue to work to prevent “woke spending sprees” by the federal government.' [Daily Nonpareil, 1/31/25]
April 2025: Hinson Praised Elon Musk’s Government Efficiency Initiatives According to Des Moines Register, "Miller-Meeks in particular has worked to align herself with Musk and his government-slashing agenda, joining the House DOGE caucus. And Hinson has cheered Musk's efforts, saying 'this is exactly what the federal government needs.'" [Des Moines Register (Iowa), 4/9/25]
August 2022: Hinson Criticized The White House For Comparing PPP And Student Loan Forgiveness According to Gazette, "Iowa Republican U.S. Rep. Ashley Hinson on Friday criticized the White House for a thread on Twitter that's gone viral highlighting Republican lawmakers for criticizing student loan forgiveness after having much larger amounts of Paycheck Protection Program loans forgiven." [Gazette, 8/26/22]
August 2022: Hinson Called PPP And Student Loan Forgiveness A Disingenuous Comparison According to Gazette, "Hinson, of Marion, called it a disingenuous comparison to President Joe Biden's student loan plan. 'The PPP program, with its flaws, was intended to help keep people employed during a national crisis a completely different intent behind the program and behind what that forgiveness was designed to do,' Hinson said Friday during her weekly conference call with Iowa reporters." [Gazette, 8/26/22]
August 2022: Hinson Said PPP Was Approved By Congress Whereas Biden’s Student Loan Forgiveness Was Executive Action According to Gazette, "Hinson contends unlike President Joe Biden's executive action forgiving student loan debt, PPP was approved by Congress as a temporary, bipartisan program." [Gazette, 8/26/22]
August 2022: Hinson Argued PPP Loans Were Intended To Be Forgivable Under Specific Crisis-Related Conditions According to Gazette, "PPP loans were conceived as forgivable from the outset, conditioned on keeping workers on the payroll at time of national crisis. Federal student loans were offered on very different terms with the intention they be repaid, she said." [Gazette, 8/26/22]
August 2022: Hinson Sought Options To Oppose Biden's Student Loan Forgiveness Plan According to Gazette, "Hinson, on Friday, said she is 'looking at every option to push back against' Biden's plan, which estimates show could cost between $400 billion to $600 billion." [Gazette, 8/26/22]
July 2023: Hinson Called For Federal Workers To Return To Offices According to Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), "Iowa Republican U.S. Rep. Ashley Hinson, of Marion, wants federal workers to start returning to government offices, citing a recent Government Accountability Office report revealing that 17 of the 24 federal agency headquarters are using just 25 percent of their building capacity." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Called Underutilized Federal Office Space 'A Massive Waste' According to Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), "Hinson, on a Friday conference call with Iowa reporters, called it a massive waste of taxpayer dollars and resources. She said she supports legislation that would require the federal workforce to return to pre-pandemic levels of telework." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 7/21/23]
2023: Ashley Hinson Urged Senate Passage Of SHOW UP Act According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, '"I'm calling on the Senate to pass the SHOW UP Act, and I'm calling on President Biden to sign it," Hinson said.' [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Called On Senate And President To Advance SHOW UP Act According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, 'I'm calling on the Senate to pass the SHOW UP Act and I'm calling on President Biden to sign it,' Hinson said. [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
July 2023: Hinson Criticized Remote Work As Government Waste According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, 'Taxpayers are keeping the lights on, but nobody is home. This, to me, is the epitome of government waste that Iowans sent me to D.C. to fight against.' [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
November 2023: Hinson Supported Reducing Federal Agency Funding And Increasing Border Security According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, Hinson's stated priorities include "legislation that would reduce funding for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by 39%; defund diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives at federal agencies; cut funding to the long-understaffed Internal Revenue Service; and boost border security, including continued border wall construction." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 11/3/23]
2024: Ashley Hinson Expressed Excitement For Trump’s Department Of Government Efficiency Led By Musk And Ramaswamy According to Iowa City Press-Citizen, "Hinson said Trump's new Department of Government Efficiency, an advisory group created to slash federal government and spending, will help return dollars to taxpayers. Trump tapped billionaire tech entrepreneur Elon Musk and former presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy to co-lead the department. 'I'm very excited about that,' Hinson said." [Iowa City Press-Citizen (Iowa), 12/3/24]
March 2025: Ashley Hinson Introduced Bill to Codify Trump Executive Order on Treasury Procedures According to Gazette, "Hinson introduced legislation Thursday to codify a Trump executive order that directs the Treasury Department to establish pre-certification and pre-award verification procedures for payments made by the Treasury on behalf of federal agencies." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 4/3/25]
March 2025: Ashley Hinson Reiterated Commitment to Supporting Efforts to Cut Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Social Security Administration According to Gazette, Hinson, a member of the House DOGE Caucus, reiterated she's committed to supporting Trump's and Musk's efforts "cutting waste, fraud and abuse so we can sustain the key programs and investments that Iowans do care about." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 4/3/25]
April 2025: Hinson Introduced Bill To Codify Trump Order On Federal Payment Oversight According to Globe Gazette, "Hinson introduced legislation Thursday to codify a Trump executive order that directs the Treasury Department to establish pre-certification and pre-award verification procedures for payments made by the Treasury on behalf of federal agencies." [Globe Gazette, 4/3/25]
April 2025: Hinson Said Bill Would Help Combat Improper Federal Payments And Fraud According to Globe Gazette, 'Hinson said the bill will improve the federal government's ability to screen for improper payments and fraud, track transactions and manage the government's disbursements.' [Globe Gazette, 4/3/25]
April 2025: Hinson Introduced Legislation On Treasury Payment Verification According to Gazette, "Hinson introduced legislation Thursday to codify a Trump executive order that directs the Treasury Department to establish pre-certification and pre-award verification procedures for payments made by the Treasury on behalf of federal agencies." [Gazette, 4/8/25]
April 2021: Hinson Introduced Red Tape Reduction Act To Codify Trump-Era Orders According to Gazette, "she introduced the Red Tape Reduction Act that would codify executive orders issued by former President Donald Trump that focused on reducing federal regulations. Biden has used executive orders to reverse many of those, she said." [Gazette, 4/16/21]
April 2021: Hinson Introduced The Red Tape Reduction Act To Codify Trump-Era Deregulatory Executive Orders According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), "For example, the Marion Republican told reporters Friday, she introduced the Red Tape Reduction Act that would codify executive orders issued by former President Donald Trump that focused on reducing federal regulations. Biden has used executive orders to reverse many of those, she said." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 4/19/21]
July 2023: Hinson Supported Legislation To Require Federal Workers To Return To The Office According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "She said she supports legislation that would require the federal workforce to return to pre-pandemic levels of telework." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
July 2023: Hinson Urged Agencies To Surrender Unused Office Space According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, 'Additionally, if these federal agencies aren't going to use this space to work for the American people, they need to give it up. And they need to use resources more efficiently.' [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
August 2023: Hinson Proposed Cutting Two Regulations For Every New Federal Regulation Enacted According to Daily Nonpareil, "and legislation that would force federal agencies to cut two regulations for every new one proposed." [Daily Nonpareil, 8/22/23]
2025: Rep. Ashley Hinson Introduced Bill to Codify Trump Administration Executive Order on Preventing Waste, Fraud, and Abuse According to a press release from Rep. Ashley Hinson, "Today, Rep. Ashley Hinson (R-IA) introduced the Protecting American Taxpayers from Wasteful Spending Act, which would codify President Trump's executive order from March 25th, 2025, promoting financial integrity, transparency, and efficiency by improving the Department of the Treasury’s ability to screen for improper payments and fraud, track transactions, and manage the government’s disbursements." [Press Release - Office of Rep. Ashley Hinson, 4/3/25]
2025: Rep. Ashley Hinson Criticized Federal Government’s Improper Payments According to a press release from Rep. Ashley Hinson, "It is absurd the federal government wastes up to $521 billion – that’s right, billion, – in taxpayer dollars each year in improper payments. That’s hundreds of billions of your tax dollars flushed down the drain without swamp bureaucrats blinking an eye. President Trump’s Executive Order to prevent improper payments is a great step to end this abuse, and my bill will make this effort permanent to ensure your hard-earned tax dollars are not wasted." [Press Release - Office of Rep. Ashley Hinson, 4/3/25]
July 2023: Hinson Supported The SHOW UP Act To Restrict Federal Telework According to Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), "The House-passed SHOW UP Act, which Hinson supported, requires federal agencies to explain how pandemic-era telework levels impacted their missions and ability to serve Americans. 'I'm calling on the Senate to pass the SHOW UP Act, and I'm calling on President Biden to sign it,' Hinson said." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Criticized Telework For Reducing Federal Service Quality According to Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), "Hinson said she hears constant complaints and frustrations from Iowans of 'getting a dial tone' when they call federal agencies to solve a problem. 'Federal employees who are paid by hard working Iowa taxpayers shouldn't still be at home, and federal agencies shouldn't be wasting taxpayer money by operating at minimal capacity,' she said." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Attributed Casework Delays To Telework Practices According to Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), "Hinson on Friday reiterated a 'disconnect' between telework and the numbers of casework complaints her office has with federal agencies. She said that includes delays in receiving tax help from the Internal Revenue Service, problems with the State Department issuing passports, and getting records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to help veterans access VA benefits." [Gazette (Cedar Rapids, IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Urged Federal Workers To Return To Office According to Daily Nonpareil, "Iowa Republican U.S. Rep. Ashley Hinson, of Marion, wants federal workers to start returning to government offices, citing a recent Government Accountability Office report revealing that 17 of the 24 federal agency headquarters are using just 25% of their building capacity." [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Supported Legislation To Reduce Federal Telework According to Daily Nonpareil, "She said she supports legislation that would require the federal workforce to return to pre-pandemic levels of telework." [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Criticized Underused Federal Office Space As Wasteful According to Daily Nonpareil, "Taxpayers are keeping the lights on, but nobody is home. This, to me, is the epitome of government waste that Iowans sent me to D.C. to fight against." [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Expressed Iowan Frustration Over Federal Agency Responsiveness According to Daily Nonpareil, "Hinson said she hears constant complaints and frustrations from Iowans of 'getting a dial tone' when they call federal agencies to solve a problem." [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Said Federal Employees Should No Longer Work From Home According to Daily Nonpareil, 'Federal employees who are paid by hard working Iowa taxpayers shouldn't still be at home, and federal agencies shouldn't be wasting taxpayer money by operating at minimal capacity,' she said. [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Supported The House-Passed SHOW UP Act According to Daily Nonpareil, "The House-passed SHOW UP Act, which Hinson supported, requires federal agencies to explain how pandemic-era telework levels impacted their missions and ability to serve Americans." [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Called On Senate And President To Pass SHOW UP Act According to Daily Nonpareil, 'I'm calling on the Senate to pass the SHOW UP Act, and I'm calling on President Biden to sign it,' Hinson said. [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Cited Delays At Multiple Federal Agencies As Evidence Of Telework Issues According to Daily Nonpareil, 'She said that includes delays in receiving tax help from the Internal Revenue Service, problems with the State Department issuing passports and getting records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to help veterans access VA benefits.' [Daily Nonpareil, 7/21/23]
2023: Ashley Hinson Called For Federal Workers To Return To Offices According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Iowa Republican U.S. Rep. Ashley Hinson, of Marion, wants federal workers to start returning to government offices, citing a recent Government Accountability Office report revealing that 17 of the 24 federal agency headquarters are using just 25% of their building capacity." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
2023: Ashley Hinson Supported Legislation To Reduce Telework Among Federal Employees According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "She said she supports legislation that would require the federal workforce to return to pre-pandemic levels of telework." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
2023: Ashley Hinson Criticized Federal Office Underutilization As Wasteful According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, '"Taxpayers are keeping the lights on, but nobody is home. This, to me, is the epitome of government waste that Iowans sent me to D.C. to fight against."' [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
2023: Ashley Hinson Reported Iowans' Frustration With Federal Agencies According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson said she hears constant complaints and frustrations from Iowans of 'getting a dial tone' when they call federal agencies to solve a problem." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
2023: Hinson Cited Need For "Serious Reforms" In Washington According to The Daily Nonpareil, '"It's no secret that Washington is broken and deeply dysfunctional, and Iowans are sick of it," Hinson said in a statement. "Serious reforms are needed to clean this place up and root out corruption, shrink the ever-growing administrative state, and take power from bureaucrats and give it to people. My Make Washington Work Again package will restore integrity to public service, cut burdensome regulations and ensure Washington is accountable to Iowans."' [The Daily Nonpareil (Council Bluffs, Iowa), 9/23/23]
September 2023: Hinson Introduced Legislation To End Federal Pandemic-Era Telework Policies According to Sioux City Journal, "Hinson and Ernst have introduced companion legislation to address their grievances" regarding federal work-from-home policies since the COVID-19 pandemic. [Sioux City Journal (Iowa), 9/23/23]
September 2023: Hinson Called For Federal Headquarters To Move Outside Washington According to Sioux City Journal, "A package of bicameral legislation would move federal agency headquarters outside of Washington, ban senior administration officials from lobbying on behalf of foreign governments, require agencies to implement pre-pandemic telework policies and more." [Sioux City Journal (Iowa), 9/23/23]
September 2023: Hinson Introduced Legislation To Address Federal Work-From-Home Policies According to Muscatine Journal (Iowa), "Hinson and Ernst have introduced companion legislation to address their grievances" regarding federal employees' work-from-home policies since the COVID-19 pandemic. [Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 9/23/23]
September 2023: Hinson Proposed The 'Make Washington Work Again' Package To Reform Federal Agencies According to Muscatine Journal (Iowa), "My Make Washington Work Again package will restore integrity to public service, cut burdensome regulations and ensure Washington is accountable to Iowans," Hinson said in a statement. [Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 9/23/23]
September 2023: Hinson Introduced Companion Legislation On Federal Work-From-Home Policies According to Quad-City Times, "In a months-long effort by multiple Iowa lawmakers to change the way federal employees have managed work-from-home policies since the COVID-19 pandemic, Hinson and Ernst have introduced companion legislation to address their grievances." [Quad-City Times (Davenport, Iowa), 9/23/23]
Ashley Hinson Characterized Federal Waste At HUD As A 'Slap In The Face' To Iowa Taxpayers In March 2025 According to Muscatine Journal, 'Hinson, though, pointed to a DOGE audit that the Department of Housing and Urban Development has been wasting money on thousands of unused software licenses. [...] "That's a huge slap in the face of the Iowa taxpayer," Hinson said. "So I will continue to advocate for finding those savings, eliminating that waste, fraud and abuse.'" [Muscatine Journal (Iowa), 3/7/25]
2025: Hinson Called HUD Software Waste A 'Slap In The Face' To Iowa Taxpayers According to Globe Gazette, 'Hinson, though, pointed to a DOGE claim that the Department of Housing and Urban Development has been wasting money on thousands of unused software licenses. [...] "That's a huge slap in the face of the Iowa taxpayer," Hinson said. "So I will continue to advocate for finding those savings, eliminating that waste, fraud and abuse."' [Globe Gazette, 3/7/25]
2025: Hinson Highlighted HUD Waste Found By DOGE Audit According to Daily Nonpareil, "Hinson, though, pointed to a DOGE audit that the Department of Housing and Urban Development has been wasting money on thousands of unused software licenses. [...] 'That's a huge slap in the face of the Iowa taxpayer,' Hinson said. 'So I will continue to advocate for finding those savings, eliminating that waste, fraud and abuse. And then, in my role as an appropriator, which we're coming up on a pretty important deadline here, making sure that we're funding the programs that we need to fund.'" [Daily Nonpareil (Council Bluffs, Iowa), 3/8/25]
March 2025: Hinson Criticized HUD Spending on Unused Software Licenses According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson, though, pointed to a DOGE audit that the Department of Housing and Urban Development has been wasting money on thousands of unused software licenses. [...] 'That's a huge slap in the face of the Iowa taxpayer,' Hinson said. 'So I will continue to advocate for finding those savings, eliminating that waste, fraud and abuse.'" [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (Iowa), 3/8/25]
2023: Ashley Hinson Linked Telework To Delays In Federal Services According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson on Friday reiterated a 'disconnect' between telework and the numbers of casework complaints her office has with federal agencies. She said that includes delays in receiving tax help from the Internal Revenue Service, problems with the State Department issuing passports and getting records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to help veterans access VA benefits." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/21/23]
July 2023: Hinson Cited Constituent Complaints About Remote Federal Employees According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson said she hears constant complaints and frustrations from Iowans of 'getting a dial tone' when they call federal agencies to solve a problem." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
July 2023: Hinson Reiterated Concerns About Delays At Federal Agencies Due To Telework According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, 'Hinson on Friday reiterated a "disconnect" between telework and the numbers of casework complaints her office has with federal agencies. She said that includes delays in receiving tax help from the Internal Revenue Service, problems with the State Department issuing passports, and getting records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to help veterans access VA benefits.' [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
July 2023: Hinson Asserted Taxpayers Are Not Getting Full Value From Federal Agencies According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, 'This GAO report simply highlights what we already knew – taxpayers are not getting full value,' she said. [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
2025: Hinson Expressed Support For DOGE's Efforts To Uncover Federal Waste According to Daily Nonpareil, "Hinson said she supports the DOGE's work. 'I actually had a chance to hear directly from Elon this week,' she said. 'The amazing amount of fraud, waste and abuse that is being uncovered is going out publicly. Everything's publicly available, and they're being very, very transparent, as I always have been, too, about my positions on issues, my votes and my work for Iowans.'" [Daily Nonpareil (Council Bluffs, Iowa), 3/8/25]
March 2025: Hinson Supported Musk's DOGE Federal Cuts and Transparency According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson said she supports the DOGE's work. 'I actually had a chance to hear directly from Elon this week,' she said. 'The amazing amount of fraud, waste and abuse that is being uncovered is going out publicly. Everything's publicly available, and they're being very, very transparent, as I always have been, too, about my positions on issues, my votes and my work for Iowans.'" [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (Iowa), 3/8/25]
July 2023: Hinson Criticized Federal Agencies For Underutilizing Office Space According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "Hinson, on a Friday conference call with Iowa reporters, called it a massive waste of taxpayer dollars and resources. She said she supports legislation that would require the federal workforce to return to pre-pandemic levels of telework." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
July 2023: Hinson Supported The House-Passed SHOW UP Act According to Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, "The House-passed SHOW UP Act, which Hinson supported, requires federal agencies to explain how pandemic-era telework levels impacted their missions and ability to serve Americans." [Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier (IA), 7/23/23]
2019: Ashley Hinson Supported Property Tax Increase Disclosure Bill According to Telegraph Herald, "She also supported a bill that would require cities and counties to publicize and pass by a two-thirds vote any property tax increase over 2%. The bill was decried by some local officials, including those representing the cities of Dubuque and Dyersville." [Telegraph Herald (Dubuque, IA), 5/14/19]